Introduction
Islam
Installation at BLOK art space Büyük Valide Han, Istanbul, Turkey, September to December 2017, photo courtesy of Sahand Hesamiyan
Installation at BLOK art space Büyük Valide Han, Istanbul, Turkey, September to December 2017, photo courtesy Sahand Hesamiyan
Time
Conceptual Framework
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York (91.1.535a–h), Edward C. Moore Collection, Bequest of Edward C. Moore, 1891
University of Edinburgh Library (Or.Ms.161, fol. 10b), Digital Image: Copyright The University of Edinburgh
The European in India: From a Collection of Drawings, by Charles Doyley, Esq.; Engraved by J. H. Clark and C. Dubourg; with a Preface and Copious Descriptions, by Captain Thomas Williamson; Accompanied with a Brief History of Ancient and Modern India, from the Earliest Periods of Antiquity to the Termination of the Late Mahratta War, by F. W. Blagdon (London: Edward Orme, 1813), Plate I
Photo 119161936 © Amlan Mathur | Dreamstime.com
Chapter 1
A Walk in Time
North dome room, Friday Mosque, Isfahan.
WikiMedia, Diego Delso 2016 (CC BY-SA 4.0)
Photo 122617921 © Wing Travelling | Dreamstime.com
Photo 160009708 © Artography | Dreamstime.com
Wall decoration, Friday Mosque, Isfahan.
WikiMedia, Diego Delso 2016 (CC BY-SA 4.0)
Photo 56707471 © Nicola Messana | Dreamstime.com
Photo 160008972 © Artography | Dreamstime.com
Events and Narratives
Digitized copy (page 607) of Olearius’s Außführliche Beschreibung der Kundbaren Reyse Nach Muscow und Persien, University of Heidelberg (DOI: https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.21591)
Wikimedia, Amir Pashaei, 2019 (CC BY-SA 4.0)
Wikimedia, Amir Pashaei, 2019 (CC BY-SA 4.0) (Modified)
Wikimedia, Amir Pashaei, 2019 (CC BY-SA 4.0) (Modified)
Wikimedia, Amir Pashaei, 2019 (CC BY-SA 4.0) (Modified)
Öljeytü’s mihrab in west prayer hall of Isfahan’s Friday Mosque (2017).
Photo 137858111 © Evgeniy Fesenko | Dreamstime.com
Tropes
Wikimedia, Mostafameraji, 2017 (CC BY-SA 4.0)
Life Stories
Folio 53 from an Album of Drawings and Paintings: Figures in porticoes surrounding fruit trees.
Harvard Art Museums/Arthur M. Sackler Museum, Alpheus Hyatt Purchasing Fund, Photo © President and Fellows of Harvard College, 1960.161.53
http://english.khamenei.ir/d/2018/09/18/0/13916.jpg
Abbas Al-Musavi. Battle of Karbala, late 19th-early 20th century.
Brooklyn Museum, Gift of K. Thomas Elghanayan in honor of Nourollah Elghanayan, 2002.6
Politics
Modern Global Time
Photo 151689637 © Ahmad Faizal Yahya | Dreamstime.com
Photo © Shahzad Bashir (2021)
Model of the Isfahan’s Friday mosque site.
Photo © Nancy Hill (2012)
Chapter 2
Jerusalem in Java
Photo Leiden University Library (Shelfmark: KK 011-02-06/10_004)
Photo © Shahzad Bashir (2015)
Photo © Shahzad Bashir (2015)
Street scene in Kudus, Indonesia.
Photo © Shahzad Bashir (2015)
Inadequacy of Timelines
New York: A. S. Barnes, 1846, scan courtesy of Amherst College Library
John B. Sparks, The Histomap: Four Thousand Years of World History. Relative Power of Contemporary States, Nations and Empires. Chicago: Rand McNally and Company, 1931. Scan courtesy of the David Rumsey Map Collection, Stanford Libraries
Stanley Lane-Poole, The Mohammedan Dynasties: Chronological and Genealogical Tables with Historical Introductions (Westminster: A Constable and Co., 1894)
Photo 2481543 © Hcss5 | Dreamstime.com
(Rudimentum noviciorum sive Chronicarum et historiarum epitome (Lübeck: Lucas Brandis, 1475), 672. Digitale Sammlungen der Herzogin Anna Amalia Bibliothek.
The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of John Wise (1940.469)
Available online at http://www.hycadventures.com/page51.php
Spacetimes
Photo 105351333 © Vladimir Rodin | Dreamstime.com
Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris
Photo 46022305 © Miko Bagus | Dreamstime.com
Photo © Shahzad Bashir (2015)
Photo © Shahzad Bashir (2015)
Photo © Shahzad Bashir (2015)
Photo © Shahzad Bashir (2015)
Photo © Shahzad Bashir (2015)
Photo © Shahzad Bashir (2015)
Photo © Shahzad Bashir (2015)
Genealogies
Photo © Shahzad Bashir (2015)
Photo © Shahzad Bashir (2015)
https://www.alhussein.jo/en/family-tree
Photo 223529083 © Matyas Rehak | Dreamstime.com
SPUTNIK / Alamy Stock Photo B9E0WT
SPUTNIK / Alamy Stock Photo B9P6HC
Events Relived
Urdu poem “The Night of ‘Ashur” sung by the group Hashim Sisters (2017).
REUTERS / Alamy Stock Photo 2CXGYXE, Andrea De Silva
REUTERS / Alamy Stock Photo 2CXKJBC, Andrea De Silva
http://ihbdc.com/
REUTERS / Alamy Stock Photo 2CXKJBC, Mohammad Ismail
Wikimedia, E4024, 2017 (CC BY-SA 4.0)
Wikimedia, Gabby Canonizado, 2011 (CC BY-SA 2.0)
Photo 122427987 © Wing Travelling | Dreamstime.com
Wikimedia, Biswarup Ganguly, 2014 (CC BY 3.0)
Enduring Forms
Photo © Shahzad Bashir (2015)
Photo © Shahzad Bashir (2015)
Wikimedia, Anandajoti Bhikkhu, 2017 (CC BY 2.0)
Wikimedia, Anandajoti Bhikkhu, 2017 (CC BY 2.0)
Photo © Shahzad Bashir (2015)
Wikimedia, Virtutepetens, 2018 (CC BY 4.0)
An aerial view of the sacred district in Jerusalem (2013).
Wikimedia, Godot13, 2013 (CC BY 4.0)
Chapter 3
A Roaming Orientalist
The Strand Magazine 7 (January to June 1894), 623
G. W. Leitner, The Languages and Races of Dardistan. Lahore: Government Book Depot, 1877. p. 31 [digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/leitner1877]
G. W. Leitner, The Languages and Races of Dardistan. Lahore: Government Book Depot, 1877, p. 12 [digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/leitner1877]
© The British Library Board Photo 355/1(224)
Photo © Zakriya Bashir-Hill (2018)
Photo © Zakriya Bashir-Hill (2018)
Illustrated London News 26 September, 1874
Panoramic view of the city of Lahore showing the Lahore Fort on the right. Punjab, ca.1860.
© Victoria and Albert Museum, London (Image ID 2011FD6305)
The Modern (Historical) Condition
© The British Library Board Photo ADD Or 4814
Tughra epigraphy from the region of Bengal where Angrezabadi resided.
Wikimedia, Sahabuddin Momin, 2016 (CC BY 4.0)
Wellcome MS Persian 474, Wellcome Collection, London
Sayyid Ilahi Bakhsh Angrezabadi, Khurshid-i Jahan-numa. MS Buhar 102, National Library of India, Kolkata, pp. 94-95
© The British Library Board Photo ADD Or 4887
Tughra epigraphy from the region of Bengal where Angrezabadi resided.
Wikimedia, Sahabuddin Momin, 2016 (CC BY 4.0)
Relative size of chapters in Khurshid-i Jahan-numa.
The Mongol Catalysis
Syrian television broadcast a 30-part serial “Hulaku” in 2002. Juvayni is depicted as the narrator writing down the events. In episode 23, the Abbasid caliph is executed (9:00) and Juvayni writes about the devastation of Baghdad (13:30).
Ata-Malik Juvayni, Tarikh-i Jahan-gushay, MS Supplément Persan 205, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris, fol. 2a
Diez Album, Staatsbibliothek, Berlin, fol. 71, S. 18, no. 2
Rashid ad-Din Tabib, Jami‘ at-tavarikh, MS Supplément Persan 1113, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris, fol. 239a
Wikimedia, Zenith210, 2014 (CC BY 3.0)
Wikimedia, Yasaman.mp, 2018 (CC BY 4.0)
Wikimedia, Milad Esmzadeh, 2016 (CC BY 4.0)
Wikimedia, MichaelDPhotos, 2018 (CC BY 4.0)
Wikimedia, ZainShahid117, 2014 (CC BY 3.0)
The David Collection, Copenhagen, C 83, Photo Pernille Klemp
© The Trustees of the British Museum 1884,0703.111 (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
© The Trustees of the British Museum 1613516661 (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
A Mongol king conversing with a Muslim scholar.
Rashid ad-Din, Jami‘ at-tavarikh, MS Supplément Persan 1113, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris, fol. 202a
Rashid ad-Din Tabib, Jami' at-tavarikh, MS 727, Khalili Collection fol. 34a (Tabriz, Iran, 1314-15)
Rashid ad-Din Tabib, Jami' at-tavarikh, MS 727, Khalili Collection fol. 28b (Tabriz, Iran, 1314-15)
Rashid ad-Din Tabib, Jami' at-tavarikh, MS 727, Khalili Collection fol. 11a (Tabriz, Iran, 1314-15
Landscape surrounding Öljeytü's tomb in Sultalniyya, Iran.
Wikimedia, Alireza-Derogar, 2016 (CC BY 4.0)
Varieties of “Islamic” Times
Pakistani singer Abida Parveen performing “Man Kuntu Mawla” in front of Prince Karim Aga Khan, Imam of the Nizari Isma’ili Shi’i community. She begins by explaining the historical context in the life of the Prophet in which the text was first uttered.
Wikimedia, Konevi, 2018 (CC0 1.0)
Image ID PXPM10, Ahmad Faizal Yahya / Alamy Stock Photo, 2014
https://farsi.khamenei.ir/photo-album?id=40376 (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
Carved stucco panel from the city of Samarra, Iraq (9th century). On display at the Iraq Museum in Baghdad.
Wikimedia, Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin, 2019 (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
Orientations to the Past
Photo © Shahzad Bashir (2019)
Photo © Shahzad Bashir (2019)
Photo © Shahzad Bashir (2019)
Francisco Pradilla y Ortiz (d. 1921), "La rendición de Granada" (1882), Palacio del Senado de España, Madrid
Chapter 4
A Woman’s Voice
Adine Sagalyn / akg-images
al-Kashkul, 22 May, 1931, Rare Books Library and Archives, American University in Cairo, Photo Gülşah Torunoğlu
The David Collection, Copenhagen, 205, Photo Pernille Klemp
A woman walks past the ornate outer walls and doorway of a mosque in Fez, Morocco.
Photo 24440340 © Paop | Dreamstime.com
A large mural of a woman with short hair and a pink flower covers a wall in distinctive street art in central Casablanca, Morocco.
Image ID: 2BC4Y2X , Rosemary Behan / Alamy Stock Photo, 2017
An Edifice of Time
Bernhard Moritz (Berlin: Dietrich Riemer, 1916), Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, DC, USA
Photo 105477582 © S Richardson | Dreamstime.com
Saat Kaman, Seven Arches at Pavagadh Hill in Gujarat State of India
Photo 112681109 © Leonid Andronov | Dreamstime.com
A dry stepwell in Champaner-Pavagadh, the city built by Mahmud Begada in Gujarat, India.
Photo 143697418 © Dipakkumar Parmar | Dreamstime.com
Carving details on the outer wall of Nagina Masjid, Champaner-Pavagadh, Gujarat, India.
Photo 110933373 © EPhotocorp | Dreamstime.com
Documenting the Living Dead
Haydar Khwarazmi, Makhzan al-asrar (Tabriz, Iran, 1478) Spencer Collection, The New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations, Persian MS No. 41, fol. 27b
Photo 205038717 © Dudlajzov | Dreamstime.com
The Alcázar of Seville, Spain, used as the royal palace by Muslims and Christians in succession.
Photo © Shahzad Bashir (2019)
Stories from the Americas
D. P. Kidder and J. C. Fletcher, Brazil and the Brazilians Portrayed in Historical and Descriptive Sketches (Philadelphia: Childs and Peterson, 1857): 131
Randolph Linsly Simpson African-American collection, Yale University Library, JWJ MSS 54
North Carolina Collection, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Call No. VCpB M837k, front
North Carolina Collection, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Call No. VCpB M837k, back
Memorial to the liberation of enslaved Africans. Goree Island, Senegal.
Photo 2162696 © Faberfoto | Dreamstime.com
The autobiography of Omar Ibn Said.
"The life of Omar ben Saeed, called Morro, a Fullah Slave in Fayetteville, N.C. Owned by Governor Owen", Library of Congress, Washington DC, Control Number 2018371864, p. 16
Self, Family, Nation
Image: https://schmerling.org/en/sources/molla-nasreddin/issue/11
Henri Cartier-Bresson © Fondation Henri Cartier-Bresson / Magnum PhotosTEST 02-Stock (Estate)
Minangkabau huizen (roemah gadang) te Kampong Andalas op Sumatra's Westkust
Leiden University Library, KITLV 169764
Diah Yulianti, Spirits's Dialog About This Country (1999)
Oil and acrylic on bark, 110 x 260 cm, OHD Museum Collection (Magelang, Indonesia)
Chapter 5
The Skyline of Istanbul
Mustafa Orakçı, Mimar Sinan’la Bir Gün (Istanbul: Timaş, 2014)
Wikimedia, Pamukova Haber, 2019 (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
Wikimedia, Turhan Akman, 2016 (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0)
Wikimedia, Rabe!, 2013 (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0)
Photo 159599785 © Murat Tellioglu | Dreamstime.com
© Anadolu Ajansi - Mehmet Kaman (20110804)
Wikimedia, Håkan Henriksson (Narking), 2018 (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
Photo 147917463 © Johan Geyser | Dreamstime.com
Photo ID 174434953 © Hikrcn | Dreamstime.com
Panoramic view of Istanbul taken from Galata Tower, 2018.
Photo 163883133 © Anton Aleksenko | Dreamstime.com
Skyline of Istanbul from an atlas published in 1788.
Johann Baptist Homann, Constantinopel (Nuremberg: Homann, 1788), David Rumsey Map Collection, David Rumsey Map Center, Stanford Libraries, 9753.084
Photo 168472886 © Mehmet Çetin | Dreamstime.com
Topkapı Palace Museum H.1344, fol. 190b. © T. C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı Milli Saraylar İdaresi Başkanlığı
Frescoes in the Desert
Belvedere Museum, Vienna, Austria, 3640
Belvedere Museum, Vienna, Austria, 508A
Photo 188491699 © Matyas Rehak | Dreamstime.com
Photo 43413754 © Vladimir Zhuravlev | Dreamstime.com
Photo 127887340 © Dmitry Chulov | Dreamstime.com
Photo 43413773 © Vladimir Zhuravlev | Dreamstime.com
Photo Ahmad Lash
Mielich’s painting of a Qusayr ‘Amra fresco.
Alois Musil, et. al. Kusejr ʻAmra: mit Einer Karte von Arabia Petraea (Vienna: K. K. Hof- Und Staatsdruckerei, 1907), Vol. 2 Tafel XXVL
Photograph of restored fresco at Qusayr ‘Amra.
Photo 43413853 © Vladimir Zhuravlev | Dreamstime.com
Beautiful Violence
John Work Garrett Library, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
John Work Garrett Library, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
John Work Garrett Library, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
John Work Garrett Library, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
John Work Garrett Library, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
John Work Garrett Library, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
Tamerlane’s accession in Balkh on 12 Ramadan, 771/ April 9, 1370. Garrett Zafarnama, ff. 82b–83a.
John Work Garrett Library, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
Construction of the Great Mosque of Samarqand, 801/1399. Garrett Zafarnama, ff. 359b–360a.
John Work Garrett Library, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
The Gift of Presence
Paul Marty, Études sur l’Islam au Sénégal (Paris: E. Leroux, 1917), 1:221
Fowler Museum at UCLA, Photography by Don Cole, X99.56.5
Fowler Museum at UCLA, Photography by Don Cole, X99.13.13
Fowler Museum at UCLA, Photography by Don Cole, TR99.37.22
Fowler Museum at UCLA, Photography by Don Cole, TR2002.11.3
Mural on a wall in Dakar, Senegal.
Wikimedia, Erica Kowal, 2006 (CC BY-NC-SA 2.0)
The Missing Image
Law kana baynana, season 2, episode 10 (2008).
Ronald Grant Archive / Alamy Stock Photo DXKPA1
The photograph was take on a visit to Prophet Hud, peace be upon him, at Wadi Hadramawt, South Yemen. © Peter Sanders Photography Limited
REUTERS / Satish Kumar, Alamy Stock Photo 2CKMRXN
REUTERS / Satish Kumar, Alamy Stock Photo 2CMA8RY (April 6, 2019)
Amir Hamzah, uncle of the Prophet Muhammad, spreader of Islam, and hero of the Serat Menak, by dalang Otong Rasta (Indonesian, 1933–). Wood, cloth, and mixed media.
Asian Art Museum of San Francisco, From The Mimi and John Herbert Collection, F2000.86.62. Photograph © Asian Art Museum of San Francisco
The Grave of Time
Photo courtesy of Lara Baladi
Photo courtesy of Lara Baladi
Photo courtesy of Lara Baladi
Photo courtesy of Lara Baladi
Photo courtesy of Lara Baladi
Photo courtesy of Lara Baladi
Photo courtesy of Lara Baladi
Photograph of a used coffee cup.
Photo courtesy of Lara Baladi
Photo courtesy of Lara Baladi
Photo courtesy of Lara Baladi
Chapter 6
An Ambiguous Adventure
Interview with Cheikh Hamidou Kane in 2018. Footage from 1961 shows him saying, among other things, “I cannot imagine a future that would simply make black Europeans out of us.”
Edmond Fortier Studio, Dakar, Senegal, CF-1030
Bettmann / Contributor, Getty Images U1433296
Postcard showing a French colonial gathering in Senegal circa 1910.
Edmond Fortier Studio, Dakar, Senegal, CGF-2039
The Arab Renaissance
Iranian feature film on Hujr b. ‘Adi (2003). His death via arrow is depicted at the very end (1:40:00).
Lehnert & Landrock, Cairo, 1116
Jurji Zaidan, Tarikh-i Salma, tr. ‘Abd al-Husayn b. Mu'ayyad ad-Dawla Tahmasp Mirza (Tehran: Shirakat-i Matbu‘at-i Dar al-Khilafa, 1903), p. 1
Jurji Zaidan, Tarikh-i Salma, tr. ‘Abd al-Husayn b. Mu'ayyad ad-Dawla Tahmasp Mirza (Tehran: Shirakat-i Matbu‘at-i Dar al-Khilafa, 1903), p. 73
Jurji Zaidan, Tarikh-i Salma, tr. ‘Abd al-Husayn b. Mu'ayyad ad-Dawla Tahmasp Mirza (Tehran: Shirakat-i Matbu‘at-i Dar al-Khilafa, 1903), p. 174
Jurji Zaidan, Tarikh-i Salma, tr. ‘Abd al-Husayn b. Mu'ayyad ad-Dawla Tahmasp Mirza (Tehran: Shirakat-i Matbu‘at-i Dar al-Khilafa, 1903), p. 53
A New Past Nation
Song addressing the new nation’s flag in the Pakistani film Kartar Singh (1959).
Wikimedia, 2017 (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
Sir Walter Scott, The Talisman (Edinburgh: Robert Cadell, 1832)
Photo © Eric Sung
Photo © Eric Sung
Photo © Nancy Hill (2015)
Photo © Nancy Hill (2015)
Photo © Nancy Hill (2015)
The abandoned Bhagat Sadhna Kasai mosque in Sirhind, India.
Wikimedia, Harvinder Chandigarh, 2016 (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
Faisal Mosque, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Wikimedia, Usman Ghani, 2008 (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0)
The Premodern Epic
Documentary on a woman learning to be a reciter of the Persian epic Shahnama of Ferdowsi in Iran (2009).
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York (23.264.1), Rogers Fund, 1923
Photo 165174243 © Ariff Hafizy Che Hamid | Dreamstime.com
Bibliothèque nationale de France, Espagnol 30, Sheet 6
Fictional Truth
© BEHROUZ MEHRI/AFP via Getty Images
Wikimedia, Nuno Saraiva, 2018 (CC-BY-SA-4.0)
Lisbon, Portugal - February 1, 2017: Castelo de Sao Jorge aka Saint George Castle. Barbican structure on the keep entrance and the Ulysses Tower.
Photo 126237767 © Zts | Dreamstime.com
Photo 104406313 © Christophe Cappelli | Dreamstime.com
Streets in the Alfama district of Lisbon at dawn.
Photo 171978788 © Svetlana Guseva | Dreamstime.com
Chapter 7
The Grave of a Living King
Photo © Shahzad Bashir (2020)
Photo © Shahzad Bashir (2020)
Photo © Shahzad Bashir (2020)
Photo © Shahzad Bashir (2020)
Photo © Shahzad Bashir (2020)
Photo © Shahzad Bashir (2020)
Photo © Shahzad Bashir (2020)
Photo 122303682 © Sergey Dzyuba | Dreamstime.com
Photo © Shahzad Bashir (2020)
Photo © Shahzad Bashir (2020)
Carved grave marker in the courtyard at Shah-i Zinda.
Photo © Shahzad Bashir (2020)
Inside of dome in the main sanctuary at Shah-i Zinda.
Photo © Shahzad Bashir (2020)
Anticipating Past Futures
Song “Time Waits for No One,” featuring Junaid Jamshed (d. 2016), a Pakistani pop star who joined the Tablighi Jamaat and died in an air crash while returning from a Tablighi tour.
Photo 103612600 © Bayazid Akter | Dreamstime.com
REUTERS / Alamy Stock Photo 2CRCR3K (8 January 2001)
A Resurrection
Interview with Aga Khan IV discussing the relationship between religious belief and acting in the world.
Wikimedia, Mahmoud Mostafa Ashour, 2014 (CC-BY-SA-3.0)
Photo 17616967 © Adrian Lindley | Dreamstime.com
Photo 157111327 © Catay Cagatay | Dreamstime.com
Alamut castle
Photo 157116502 © Catay Cagatay | Dreamstime.com
Photo 157115980 © Catay Cagatay | Dreamstime.com
A Lost-Found Nation
Photograph by Gordon Parks, Courtesy of and copyright The Gordon Parks Foundation
Muhammad Speaks 9, no. 30 (1970), Supplement, JSTOR (CC BY-NC 4.0)
Elijah Muhammad Remembered, from the One Million Strong Series, 1995 © Roderick Terry
Muhammad Speaks 9, no. 30 (1970), JSTOR (CC BY-NC 4.0), p. 1
Muhammad Speaks 9, no. 30 (1970), JSTOR (CC BY-NC 4.0), 15
Muhammad Speaks 9, no. 30 (1970), JSTOR (CC BY-NC 4.0), p. 32
Reading the Stars
Photo © Shahzad Bashir (2020)
Photo © Shahzad Bashir (2020)
Photo © Shahzad Bashir (2020)
Refugee Horizons
ZUMA Press, Inc. / Alamy Stock Photo Image ID: H9RJKT
REUTERS/Shwe Paw Mya Tin / Alamy Stock Photo 2D9631D
People in Teknaf, Bangladesh, awaiting arrival of refugees across the Naf River that forms the boundary with Myanmar.
akg-images / UIG / Majority World 7912292
Rohingya girls in a school learning the Quran in Kutupalong refugee camp in Ukhia district, Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh (April 16, 2018).
Richard Juilliart / Alamy Stock Photo Image ID: 2D8D93G
Epilogue
Photo courtesy of Sarah Ahmad
